sekilas info tentang primbon

Hmmm... bagi Yang udh tw primbon, ya udh ......n bgi yang belum nih qu kasih tau...........
ktka mendengar primbon mungkin terlintas di benak plend semua sprti penanggalan jawa atau apalah!!!! tapi primbon di sini mah beda, ini adalh sebuah Job dri Mr. Erwanto yang harus d'krjakn sem 1
emmm... udc phm BloMM????

speaking: speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

         When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.
► Direct Speech
~ Simple Present Tense “I always go to school”
~ Present Continous “I’m doing my homework”
~ Simple Past / Present Perfect “ I didn’t do my test well” / “I have sent an e-mail”
~ Modals “I’ll see you at the party” / “ You must be carefully”


► Indirect Speech
~ Simple Past Tense “She said that she always went to school”.
~ Past Continous “She said that she was doing her homework”.
~ Past Perfect “She said that she had not done her test well” / “She said that she had sent an e-mail”.
~ Modals “She said that she would see me at the party” / ‘She said that I had to be carefully”.

Direct Speech → Refers to reproducing another person’s exact words. We use avotation marks.
Indirect Speech → Refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words not all the exact words are used verb form and pronoun may change. We do not used avotation marks.

reading : analize character, setting. etc.

Yang terdapat dalam cerita

1. Plot
Story has a certain arrangement of events which are taken to have a relation to one another. This arrangement of events to some end-for instance to create significance, raise the level of generality, extend or complicate the meaning – is known as plot.
2. Character
Characters in a work of story are generally designed to open up or explore certain aspects of human experience. Characters often depict particular traits – of human nature; they may represent only one or two traits – a greedy old man who has forgotten how to care about others, for instance, or they may represent very complex conflicts, values and emotions.
3. Setting
Stories requires a setting; this is in poetry may vary from the concrete to the general often setting will have particular culturally coded significance- a sea-horse has a significance for us different from that of a dirty street corner, for instance, and different situations and significances can be constructed through its use.
4. Theme
Theme is also important to, theme is especial idea which is used as base in writing down story mostly letter than implicit.
5. Language style
Language style is the way to typically in laying open feeling or mind through language in the form of oral or article.

PPT

present perfect form
[has/have + past participle]

Examples:

* You have seen that movie many times.
* Have you seen that movie many times?
* You have not seen that movie many times.

         We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

* I have seen that movie twenty times.
* I think I have met him once before.
* There have been many earthquakes in California.
* People have traveled to the Moon.
* People have not traveled to Mars.
* Have you read the book yet?
* Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
* A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

vocabs, shapes n parts of body

Body Parts

1. arm
2. eye
3. eyebrow
4. belly
5. leg
6. breast
7. thumb
8. elbow
9. fist
10. finger
11. foot (plural: feet)
12. ankle
13. buttocks
14. hair
15. neck
16. hand
17. wrist
18. hip
19. chin
20. knee
21. head
22. lip
23. mouth
24. nose
25. nostril
26. upper arm
27. thigh
28. ear
29. bottom, bum
30. back
31. underarm, forearm
32. lower leg
33. shoulder
34. forehead
35. waist
36. calf (plural: calves)
37. cheek
38. eyelash, lash
39. tooth (plural: teeth)
40. toe
41. tongue

shapes 

advertisement

Advertising is a communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them.

Advertisement is an information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement :
Promotion
Communication
Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points :
1. Language of advertisement :

•  Using the correct or suitable words.
•  Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
•  Using positive expression
•  Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.

2. Content of advertisement :
Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Not mocking to group or other producer.

SOME KINDS OF ADVERTISEMENT :

Public service advertisement
The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-commercial issue.

Covert Advertisement
Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media.

Mobile Billboard Advertisement
Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign.

Family advertisement

Announcement Advertisement

Invitation Advertisement
                                                                          
Request Advertisement

Article Advertisement

Offer Advertisement

Sponsored Advertisement

News Advertisement, and etc.

Listening: Make me Copy, Please!

~ Description:
Often times students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like to say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help student understand the need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more effective listener.

~ Goal:
Student will understand the need to be articulate when communicating.

~ Background Information:
This activity will teach students to explain what they see and guide another students in reproducing the drawing by what they are told.

Example
teacher : Make a circle, please!
qaira : pardon me?? Repeat, please!
teacher : Make a circle, pleas
qaira ; Oh… sure
teacher :O.K…!! Next, draw in drawing book!
qaira : Hmm... ok

Writing : Autobiography

          Autobhiography is a book the life of a person, written by that person.
Example :

Michael Jackson Biography :

Date of birth
• 29th of August 1958, Gary, Indiana, USA
Date of death
• 25 June 2009, los angeles, California, USA
Birth name
• Michael joseph jacson
Nickname
• The glove one
• Wacko jacko
• Jacko
• King of pop
• Mj
Height
• 178cm

Mini biography
American superstar Michael Jacson was born in gary, Indian, on August 29, 1958, and entertained audiences nearly his entire life. His father, Joe Jackson had been a guitarist but was forced to give up his musical ambition following his marriage to Katherine (scruse). Together they prodded their growing family’;s musical interest at home. By the early 1960, the older boys Jackie, tito and jeremaine had begun performing around the city : by 1964, Michael and marlon had joined in.
Solo success for Michael Jacson was inevitable, and by the 1980, he had become infinely more popular than his brotherly group. Record sales consistenly orbited, culminating in the biggest-selling album of the time,” Thriller” in 1982. a TV natural, he ventured rather uneasily info films, such as playing yhe scarecrow in the Wiz (1978), but had much better luck with elaborated music videos.
For it all to end on june 25, 2009, with his sudden death at age 50 of cardiac arrest just as he was just coming out of a four-year reclusive period and rehearsing for a sold-out London concert “Come back” in July seems uncommonly cruel and tragic. Millions upon millions of dedicated fans will remember where they were” the day Michael died”.

Greeting

          Greeting is an expression of regard yhat we say if we meet someone. Greeting can we use to open a conversation.

Greeting
• Hello/ hi
• Good morning
• Good afternoon
• Good evening
• How are you?
• How do you do?

Response
• Hello/ hi
• Good morning
• Good afternoon
• Good evening
• Fine, thank
• I’m fine
• How do you do?

Introducing
There are some greeting for introducing
1. Introducing for own self, like this, example
Hello/ hi, I’m Ayu anita
Please call me Ayu
2. Introducing someone to another, like this
this is Sella of whom I spoke to you the other day, or
would you like to meetr Tria?

Parting

Parting is opposite of greeting.It’s the expression of regards if we part someone,Parting can we use to close the conversation. Example:
” Well, It’s time for me to leave, see you later.”

Parting
• Good night
• Good bye
• See you later
• See you again

Response
• Good night
• Bye-bye
• See you
• See you to

Simple present tense

The meaning of simple present tense is the functions of it, there are:
1. to indicate a situation that exist right now.
2. For general statement/ fact.
3. For habitual action, Example :
• They have a new car
• The ball is circle.
• I study everyday
Form of SPT :
• Verbal sentence
(+) S+V1+( s/es)+o/c/adv
(-)S+do/ does+not+V1+o/c/adv
(?) Do/does+S+V1+o/c/adv ?
• Nominal sentence
(+) S+tobe+o/c..
(-) S+tobe+not+o/c…..
(?) tobe+S+o/c?
*Note :
WH question+tobe+S+…
Ex : Why is he angry??
(WH question: Why, when, what, where, who, dan how)

Adverb of time
• Always
• Never
• Every
• Regulary
• Often
• Usually
• Sometimes
• Everyday
• Seldom
• …ETC….

past Tense

        Simple past tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in certain time in the past.

The pattern of verbal sentenses
(+) S+ V2+Complement
(-) S+did not+V1+Complement
(?) Did+S+V1+Complement
Example :
(+) I went to singapura last week.
(-) I didn’t go to Singapura last week
(?) did I go to Singapura last week?

The pattern of nominal sentences
(+) S+were/was+(adj,adv….)
(-) S+were/was+not+(adj, adv…)
(?) Were/was+S+(adj, adv…)
Example
(+) they were very happy last night.
(-) they were not very happy last night
(?) Were they happy last night?

Adverb of time
• yesterday
• last night
• last week
• two days ago
• last mont
• the day before
• …..ETC…..

Prosedure text

Prosedure Text is a piece of the text that gives us instruction for doing something. The purpose text type is to explain how something can be done.

* Generic structure

1. Goal ( title)
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instruction)
3. Steeps ( asset of instruction to achive the final purpose)


Language features

1. focus on generalized human agent
2. use of simple present tense
3. use of imperatives
4. use of action verbs
5. use of connectives
6. use of adverbial phrases

*Note : for materials, not required for all procedure text.


Example :


How to Make Orange Tea


Ingredients: 1 orange, sweet tea, soda drink (use uncoloured soda), and ice.

Utensils: Jug, knife, spoon, and drinking glass.

Method:

1. Cut the orange into circle shapes, try to cut it thinly.


2. Put the cut orange and ice into jug.


3. Pour the soda drink into the jug.


4. Add the already prepared sweet tea.


5. Stir the ingredients in the jug well.


6. After pouring the orange tea in a glass, you can decorate the brim of the glass with left over orange pieces.

Narrative

          Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/ non fiction/ tales/ folktales/ fables/ myths/ epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by resolution.

kind of Narrative text :

1.fairy,
2.tale,
3.legend,
4.fable,
5.science,
6.fiction,
7.and myths.

Generic structure :

1. ORIENTATION
It’s about who, when, and where the story happened
2. COMPLICATION
It’s about the conflict among the charactersof the story (It’s possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it’s the climax of the story ( the big problem in the story).
3. RESOLUTION
It’s solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written

Example :

• Cinderella
• Snow white
• The ugly duck
• Rumpelstilskin
• …E T C….

Recount text

• Purpose :
  To tell readers hat happened in the past throught as of event.

• Generic structure :
1. ORIENTATION
    It’s about who was involved, what happened, where this event took place and when it happened.
2. EVENT (S)
    It’s about what happened in chronological order
3. RE-ORIENTATION
    The conclusion of the experience


• Significant grammar features :
1. focus on individual participants
2. use of material processes
3. circumstances of theme and places
4. use of past tense

• Language Features
1. Use of noun and pronoun
Ex ; David, We, His
2. Use of action verbs
Ex ; Went, Spent, Played
3. Use of time conjuction
Ex ; And, But, After
4. Use of adverb and adverb of phrases
Ex ; In My House, Two Day Ago, Yesterday, Last Year
5. Adjectives
Ex ; Beautiful, Sunny

• Example

Holiday at Anyer Beach

       At the end of first semester, there was holiday which was very long about two weeks.

Previously, I was just thinking about my study, because on the next semester would be held an hard examination. But, I changed my mind to take refreshing at the beach, which had I could get many happiness. Because, if I just studying and studying, it would be possible if I would get stressed.

As soon, I called my friend and asked him where we will go at this holiday.

So, my friend had an idea that we will go to Anyer Beach. So we called other friends and invited them to go together. And I was very happy because, other friends came too. So, we planned our departure to go to Anyer Beach. And it had been decision. The day was Monday until Tuesday.

On Monday, we had been ready to go to Anyer beach. When we arrived at Anyer Beach, I was very fresh and enjoyed the scene. Playing with the sand and water beach was very happy. We stayed at the hotel for tow days one night. We enjoyed our holiday at this time. But, we didn't forget the examination either.

Announcement

              Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen. In writting an announcement, keep the following points :
• The title/ type of event
• Date/ time
• Place
• Contact person

Example :

Giving instruction

          Giving instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request. When we give instruction, we usually use a modal in a introgative sentence. We use will ”would”,”can”,or ”could” with you tell someone to do something.
Example:
• Would you turn on the TV?
• Could you slow down?
• Dede, will you put the type writter on the table?

          Instruction are always make more polite by adding ”please”, “I’m Sorry”, or “Exuse me”
Example :
• Please, turn on the radio
• Would you close the door ?

Prohibiton
• Don’t stop here!
• Don’t turn on the ignition!
• Don’t turn on the fan !
• Don’t open the window !

The example expressions of giving instruction
• Open your book !
• Close the door, please !
• Be quiet, please
• Move the chair !
• Stand up, please !

Sympathy Expression

               Sympathy expression is a expression or feeling or pity and sorrow when we know and see someone oe people are unlucky or have trouble in bad condition.

Offering condolences
• I’m sorry
• I’m sorry to hear that
• Let me offer my condolences
• I know how you must feel
• You must feel terrible about losing your brother like that
• I’m sorry to hear about your father

Responding to condelences
• Thank you
• Thank ypu very much
• That’s very kind of you
• It’s god’s win. I suppose
• That’s live

• Example
Sari              ; Good afternoon, Mrs. Nania!!!
Mrs. Nania   ; Sari, I’m so glad you could come
Sari              ; I’m very sorry to hear about Tommy’s death. It must be pretty hard on you.
Mrs. Nania   ; It is. He was so young, why did he have yo die????
Sari              ; I know how you must feel
Mrs. Nania  ; Well. Good taked a way.

Gaining Attention

          Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want.
Asking for attention (formal)
• Exuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you
• May I have your attention, please?
• Exuse me....
• Sorry to trouble you
• Sorry to bother you

Asking for attention (Informal)
• Look at me!!!!
• Look what I’ve got here
• Look here
• Look!!!!
• Hey!!!
• Attention Please


Showing attention
• I see                              • Tell me more about it
• Oh , yes...                     • Really?
• Mmmmm....                  • Oh my god!!! Wkat happens next?
• Ahaaa...                        • And then what?
• How interesting             • What’s next?
• I know what you mean  • Is that all?
• Oh, oh                          • Indeed?
• Well’ well, well              • Wow....
Example
Lili       ; attention please
Bima    ; Oh yes

Happines Expression

1. Anne     : Ratih has succeeded in the story telling contest. She won the first prize.
     Soni     : How happy she must be !
2. Lisa       : Look! Got ten for Match.
   Ratih      : congaratulations!

The bold-typed sentences in the dialog express someone’s pleasure.Here are some other expression of showing pleasure
Expression happines
• I’m really happy
• I’m happy to hear that
• I’m very pleased about it
• Great
• Fantastic
Example 

Appointment

      Appointment tells about agrement for meeting. It’s good to make an apointment before you meet someone or people.

Making appointment
• Would you like to meet on ...(day)....at.....time
• Are you free on?
• What about/ how about?
• Will you be able to make it on?
• I’d like to make an appointment with.....
• I want/ I’d like to make an appointment to see....

Accepting appointment
• All right, see you there
• No problem, I’m free on...(day)
• I’ll wait for you
• Be there on time
• It’s a deal

Canceling/ changing appointment
• Could we change the day (time) of the meeting
• I’m afraid Ihave to cancel my appointment
• I’m sorry Ihave to cancel my appointment
• Would you mind if we change the day (time) of the meeting.

Example
Ayu so interested to knoe more about Nhiya’s new friend. Then, on the phone she say :
Ayu : Nhiya, can you introduce me to him?
Nhiya :Sure, wkat if you come here?
Ayu :When are you available ?
Nhiya : This afternoon is o.k.
Ayu : Let’s make it at five.
Nhiya : O.k, I’ll be waiting for you.

INVITATION

Invitation

         Invitation tells about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity.
How to Invite Someone ;
Inviting someone
• Please come inside
• Would you like to?
• Would you like to accompany me to/
• We would be pleased if you could.....
• Can you......
Responses
• Thank you
• Sure, I will
• Sorry, I can’t
• I’m busy
• I would not say no
*Note;
To invite someone , we can use direct speech with polite sentences.

How to accepting an invitation ;
Accepting an invitation
• Surely. I would
• I’d like to go. Thank you for inviting me.
• Absolutely. I’ll come
• I won’t miss it
• I would not say no

How to refuse/decline an invitation ;
Declining an invitation
• I’m sorry. I can’t
• I’m afraid. I can’t go to your party
• I like it but, i’m not sure I can go.
• I’m sorry. Ivery busy
• Thanks for your invitation, but i can come
Example ;